Free PDF Sin: A History, by Gary A. Anderson
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Sin: A History, by Gary A. Anderson
Free PDF Sin: A History, by Gary A. Anderson
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Review
"In addition to the valuable textual studies that make it a great resource for biblical students, Sin: A History appeals to a broader audience in the way it shows the relation of a particular understanding of sin to the meaning we give to associated concepts, such as atonement, penance, punishment, forgiveness, virtue and God."―Richard M. Gula, America"Wonderful and surprising . . . a significant contribution both to scriptural interpretation and to theology proper, and an object lesson in how to do both well. . . . [Anderson] brings the traditions he interprets alive and shows how Christianity and Judaism each provides a thread in a single figural fabric."—Commonweal"Gary Anderson argues in Sin: A History that debt and payment belong to the deep grammar of sin and salvation in the Bible: an utterly basic scriptural element in Jewish and Christian liturgy, devotion, and tradition. If he’s right, then several strands of recent theology are out of touch with Scripture."―Bruce D. Marshall, First Things"Astonishing . . . compelling. . . . This book merits wide and sustained attention. . . . There are few books available that offer as many generative insights as this one.”—Walter Brueggemann, Christian Century"Impressive . . . powerfully reasoned and compelling."—Peter Lopatin, Commentary"Scholarship at its best . . . well-argued insights and lively prose. . . . Highly recommended."—Choice "What Anderson accomplishes in this deceptively simple book is truly remarkable, not only in tracing the history of a generative metaphor for sin and its extraordinary consequences for theology and the religious life but also in demonstrating how much conceptual common ground exists between and Christian thought and among the Orthodox, Catholic, and Protestant versions of Christianity. . . . It is altogether irresistible to conclude by saying that scholarship is deeply indebted to Anderson for his excellent inquiry into the history of sin and that it is to his credit that he has presented the results of his scholarly research in such an accessible fashion."—Carol A. Newsom, Harvard Theological Review"Anderson tears down artificial barriers that separate historical, philoligical, descriptive scholarship on the one side from constructive theology and inter-religious dialogue on the other."—Benjamin D. Sommer, Harvard Theological Review"Anderson's clear concise writing and solid line of argumentation on the history of sin as a debt is to be highly commended to students, scholars, and libraries as a valuable and insightful addition."—Theodore James Whapham, Catholic Books Review"One of those rare volumes that charts new territory, that speaks new wisdom . . . fascinating . . . [and] as gripping as a detective novel."—Nicola Hoggard Creegan, Colloquium"[A] penetrating analysis."—Micah D. Kiel, Journal of Hebrew Scriptures"Anderson attends to close textual, philogical, and historical matters with a keen insight for theological implications that is almost unmatched in the guild today. . . .This book's acumen, clarity, and penetrating analysis make it a must read for all biblical scholars who are in any way interested in the connection between texts and theology. It is commendable not only for its own argument, but also as a model for how crticial exegesis of biblical texts may be brought to bear on modern, pressing theological issues."—Micah D. Kiel, Journal of Hebrew Scriptures "This book is one of those rare volumes that charts new territory, that speaks new wisdom concerning the essence of whatever it might mean that God saves us. . . . The book will be of immense interest to all Christian theologians, as well as to students and pastors. . . . It may do no less than transform our understanding of sin and of redemption. . . . The writing is lucid and learning and alluring."—Nicola Hoggard Creegan, Colloquium "This slender volume, bearing the author's wide learning with a rare grace, addresses a significant question in Jewish and Christian thought, one with far-reaching implications for theology, ethics, and the church's work. . . . [Anderson's] work offers a learned, and in many ways spiritually liberating, alternative to both evangelical and liberal views of sin and justification while taking human obligation seriously."―Restoration Quarterly"Anderson is entirely successful in demonstrating the significance of metaphor in shaping thoughts and actions in relation to sin and especially the importance of the debt metaphor in early Judaism and Christianity. Equally impressive in this book is the way that Anderson takes complex issues and presents them in a way that is entirely accessible to a more general audience. Such an achievement is exceedingly rare in biblical and Second Temple studies. . . . In sum, Sin: A History is erudite, informative, and accessible."—Jeffrey Stackert, The Journal of ReligionWinner of the 2010 Christianity Today Book Award in the Biblical Studies category sponsored by Christianity Today InternationalSelected as a Choice Outstanding Academic Title for 2010 in the Religion category"In this highly original study, Gary Anderson draws on a cornucopia of sources (biblical, patristic, rabbinic) to show how different metaphors, e.g. a weight on one's back or a debt to be paid, have shaped the development of Jewish and Christian understandings of sin. Though Anderson ranges far and wide, he never loses sight of the big picture."—Robert Louis Wilken, University of Virginia"Anderson is developing a new approach to biblical theology, by probing the root metaphors for theological ideas, and tracing their interpretation in postbiblical Judaism and Christianity. This book is important not only for the history of sin, but also for the central theological idea of atonement. An important and original book."—John J. Collins, Holmes Professor of Old Testament, Yale University"An extraordinary piece of detective work. Anderson shows how the central way of representing—and conceiving of—sin changed dramatically within biblical times, and how this change in turn came to be elaborated in later Judaism and Christianity. This is an extremely important, indeed, mind-changing book for anyone interested in the history of these two religions."—James Kugel, Harvard University"In an age of psychobabble and ‘my bad,’ Gary Anderson provides a scholarly, insightful, and needed reminder that ‘sin’ has been a crucial idea in humanity's moral self-understanding for millennia. Anderson is a master of sources and a gifted writer, ranging widely and knowledgeably over Jewish and Christian biblical and theological materials. A most impressive contribution to the recovery of the moral ballast of our culture."—George Weigel, Ethics and Public Policy Center, Washington, DC
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About the Author
Gary A. Anderson is professor of Old Testament/Hebrew Bible in the Department of Theology at the University of Notre Dame.
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Product details
Paperback: 272 pages
Publisher: Yale University Press (August 31, 2010)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 9780300168099
ISBN-13: 978-0300168099
ASIN: 0300168098
Product Dimensions:
6.1 x 0.7 x 9.2 inches
Shipping Weight: 11.2 ounces (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review:
3.6 out of 5 stars
13 customer reviews
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#853,994 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
Gary Anderson's examination of sin was not the sort of book I was expecting when I chose it over and instead of Sin: The Early History of an Idea. The write-up on Amazon indicated his look at sin's progression from being seen as a weight to its interpretation as a debt. While this is technically true, the work is not as balanced as that description might lead you to believe. Anderson deals with the interpretation of sin as a weight or burden in very short order; after establishing that this was the most common conception prior to the exile, he leaves it behind and spends the remainder of the book treating sin as debt.The initial chapters of the book come off as somewhat repetitive, as Anderson builds his arguments in short sections and then feels to the need to summarize them again only a few paragraphs later. As I continued to read, this problem became less apparent as he expanded the lexicon of ideas and managed to raise my level of interest. I cannot recall exactly when it clicked for me, but maybe a third of the way into the book I realized that Anderson is primarily concerned with linguistics. Theology is only secondary to him, and in fact he understands theology via language and its interpretation through translation. This is not a criticism per se, but it was unexpected. With this in mind, Anderson's arguments can be better appreciated.Some parts are more interesting than others. His examination of the interpolations into Leviticus and the importance of the Sabbatical years is of some interest but wears thin. His attempt to parse the meaning of some very similar phrases in Daniel ("when the transgressions have reached their full measure" and "to finish the transgression") seems forced. In these instances Anderson would benefit from taking a macro view of the subject book's theology (i.e., Daniel's focus on the degeneration of history), rather than focusing so exclusively on individual words and phrases. Rather, his look into Daniel and the writings of Qumran at first led me to suspect that he would turn to treating sin as a result of angelic contamination (i.e., the Enochic corpus), but he never explores these angles or their possible connections to the Christus Victor model. In view of what I know his book to have really been about, that subject matter would have been biting off more than either he or the reader could chew.Anderson connects the conception of sin as a debt between the Second Temple era and the early Christian period along an ingenious avenue. Noting the linguistic affinities between Hebrew and Aramaic (and detailing how the meaning of certain phrases would become incomprehensible if translated into Greek), he follows the development of the idea eastward into Syriac Christianity, which naturally retained the sin as debt conception. In this light, Anderson's exploration of how the Syriac fathers viewed Christ's descent into hell is my favorite part of the book. A close second is Anderson's investigation of the corollary of accruing sin as debt--giving alms as merit--in both the rabbinic and Syriac Christian traditions. It actually made me want to empty my own pockets!Anderson winds down with a look to the West at Anselm, a divisive figure who has had a profound impact on Catholicism's and Protestantism's view of Christ's atonement as a satisfaction of debts. In some ways the preceding chapters were an attempt to build up to Anselm, to make his assertions more palatable, and to give them biblical credibility. Regardless of whether you'd subscribe to Anselm's view of the atonement (and I don't), this work will still make you reconsider your past assumptions and leave you in awe of the remarkable impact of language in the history of Judaism and Christianity.
Who would have thunk to write a history of sin? Starting from biblical sources, Anderson argues persuasively that the metaphors for sin change through time. This change had real implications for early Judaism and Christianity, including Syriac Christianity, an Aramaic form of the religion that offers unique insight into the metaphor of sin as debt. This development of the metaphors for sin are not isolated linguistic or textual issues, but rather have actual impact on church history, including Anselm's theory of atonement and Catholic/Protestant dialogue. As a result, these metaphors for sin have practical implications in the life of the church, and this careful study of the topic can have fruitful impact on both inter- and intra-religious dialogue.It is a rare scholar who blends cutting edge biblical scholarship with extensive knowledge of Jewish and church history. Anderson's book combines academic acumen, carefully executed methodology, and clear writing. The result is an innovative book on one of the oldest topics in the history of Judeo-Christian thought.
I read this book as part of my research for my online course "The Gospel Dictionary" in which I define 52 key words related to the Gospel (available in 2017). Anderson show how the Old Testament concept of sin as a burden transitions into the New Testament concept of sin as a debt.When sin is viewed as a burden, people want to be relieved of this burden, and so this leads them to send it away through sacrifice. But when sin is viewed as a debt, people want to be relieved of their debt, and so this leads them to pay for it through good works.I am not sure I agree with Anderson's approach on this, especially since it leads him to support Anselm's satisfaction theory of the atonement, in which Jesus "paid" our "debt of sin" to God. This reading of Jesus' work on the cross is what led Anderson to understand sin as he does.
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